Elements of Trade Cycle They are of two kinds of elements of Business Cycle Internal Elements of Business Cycle External Elements of Business cycle 1. The internal or endogenous forces are the elements within business activity itself. They include such items as production, income, demand, credit, …
Definition of Business Cycle Or Trade Cycle Mitchell defined the business cycle (trade cycle) as a fluctuation in aggregate economic activity, Business cycle is also known as trade cycle. In the study of economic activity, four types of economic changes or fluctuations can be distinguished: Trends …
There are two approaches for the theory of income determination and equilibrium level of national income. Saving and Investment approach. Consumption and Investment approach. Saving and Investment Approach To understand Saving and investment approach it must be noted that Saving depends upon simple and automated principles, …
Savings and Investment Relationship Here we will take investment in terms of a schedule giving various amounts of investment associated with various levels of income. The investment schedule is the function of entrepreneurial behavior. It tells us how the investors or producers respond to a change …
Following are the New Income Tax Slab in the budget 2012-13 announced by Ministry of Finance, Pakistan Income Tax Slab for Men 1. Up to Rs 180,000 – NIL 2. From Rs 180,001 to Rs 500,000 – 10% 3. From Rs 500,001 to Rs 800,000 – …
Provincial KP Budget 2012-13 for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa KPK announced the budget for 2012-13 amounting Rs. 303 billion on Friday 8 June, 2012 by the Provincial Finance Minister Engr. Humayun Khan. First if we come to the revenue for KPK Provincial Budget …
Meaning of Organization: Organization is a Process Organization is a process which integrates different type of activities to achieve organizational goals and objectives, to achieve these goals there must be competent management providing them all those factors to perform their job efficiently and effectively. Organization is …
